Effect of cereal sources and processing in diets for the growing rabbit. I. Effects on digestion and fermentative activity in the caecum
نویسندگان
چکیده
Four high-starch diets (20%) varying only by the source of starch (wheat = diet W; barley = diet B; maize = diet M; extruded maize = diet EM) were given ad libitum before weaning (at 29 d old) from 18 days of age, to 8 litters (2 litters per diet) of 8 rabbits caged separately from their mother. Starch concentration in the ileal digesta and caecal fermentative characteristics were assessed at weaning and at 50 d of age, while faecal digestibility was measured between 46 and 50 d of age. The energy digestibility coefficient was the highest for the barley based diet while the lowest were observed for wheat and maize based diets (P < 0.05). At weaning, the level of starch in the ileum was high and similar for W, B and M diets (meanly: 8.8% DM), but was 5 points lower for the EM diet. At 7 weeks of age, it remained high (>10% DM) with the maize based diet, while it decreased for the other groups (less than 6% DM). The faecal digestibility of the glucidic fraction (NNCC) was almost complete (> 92%) and significantly higher with the EM diet followed by the B diet. NNCC digestibility was negatively correlated with ileal starch concentration (r = –0.63, P < 0.001). The fibre and protein digestibility remained unaffected by the dietary treatment, and no significant correlation was detected between the ileal starch level and fibre digestibility (NDF or ADF). Caecal VFA concentration increased by 11 mmol (+20%) from weaning to 7 weeks of age, while ammonia level decreased by 15%. Compared to weaning, at 7 weeks of age, the butyrate proportions were 5 units higher. The starch source did not significantly affect the caecal traits or fermentations, except for a slight increase in the empty caecal weight for EM and B compared to the W and M diets (P < 0.05). The ileal starch concentration was not correlated with caecal fermentative activity. rabbit / digestion / starch nature / extrusion / caecal fermentation Résumé – Effet du type de céréale et de l’extrusion dans l’alimentation du lapin en croissance. I – Conséquences sur la digestion et l’activité fermentaire cæcale. Pour étudier les effets de la nature de l’amidon alimentaire sur la digestion du lapin en croissance, quatre aliments riches en amidon (20 %) variant seulement de par l’origine de l’amidon (blé = groupe W, orge = groupe B, maïs = groupe M, maïs extrudé = groupe EM) ont été distribués à volonté avant le sevrage (29 j) à partir de 18 jours d’âge, à 8 portées de 8 lapereaux (2 portées par régime) logés séparément de leur mère. La concentration en amidon iléal ainsi que l’activité fermentaire cæcale ont été mesurées au * Corresponding author: [email protected] 56 T. Gidenne et al. sevrage et à 50 jours d’âge, tandis que la digestibilité fécale des aliments a été mesurée entre 46 et 50 j d’âge. La digestibilité de l’énergie du régime à base d’orge (groupe B) est la plus élevée, alors que celle du régime à base de maïs est la plus faible (P < 0,05). Au sevrage, la concentration en amidon iléal est assez élevée et similaire entre les groupes W, B ou M (en moyenne 8,8 % MS), mais elle est 5 unités plus basse pour le groupe EM (maïs extrudé). A 7 semaines d’âge, le niveau d’amidon iléal reste élevé pour le groupe M, et baisse pour les autres groupes (inférieur à 6 % MS). La digestibilité fécale de la fraction glucidique (critère NNCC) est presque complète (>92 %). Elle est la plus élevée pour le groupe EM, suivie du groupe B (orge). La digestibilité fécale de la fraction NNCC est corrélée négativement avec la concentration en amidon dans l’iléon (r = –0,63, P < 0,001). La digestion des protéines et des fibres ne varie pas en fonction des traitements. Aucune corrélation n’a été détectée entre la teneur en amidon iléal et la digestion des fibres (NDF ou ADF). La concentration en AGV totaux dans le cæcum s’accroît de 11 mmol (+20 %) entre le sevrage et 7 semaines d’âge, tandis que la concentration en ammoniaque baisse de 15 %. A 7 semaines d’âge, la proportion de butyrate est 5 points plus élevée qu’au sevrage. La nature de l’amidon alimentaire n’affecte pas significativement les caractéristiques cæcales ou les fermentations, excepté un léger accroissement du poids du cæcum vide pour les groupes EM et B comparés aux groupes W et M (contraste : P < 0.05). La teneur en amidon dans l’iléon n’est pas corrélée avec l’activité fermentaire ou le pH cæcal. En conclusion, il existe une forte relation entre la qualité de l’amidon alimentaire et la quantité d’amidon résiduel non digéré dans l’intestin grêle du lapereau. Cependant, cela n’affecte pas la digestion des fibres ou les fermentations cæcales. L’extrusion présente un effet très positif sur la digestion intestinale de l’amidon de maïs du lapin en croissance. lapin / digestion / nature d'amidon / extrusion / fermentation cæcale
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